ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 8485 First edition 1989-11-01 Programming languages -- APL Langages de programmation - APL Reference number ISO 8485 : 1989 (E) Copyright Intermational Organization for Standardization censewithIs permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale ISO8485:1989 (E) Foreword ISo (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing international Standards is normally carried out through IsOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental andnon-governmental,inliaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.IsO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters ofelectrotechnicalstandardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IsO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard ISO8485wasprepared byTechnical Committee ISO/TC 97, Information processing systems. Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its latest edition, unless otherwise stated. Annexes A and B are for information only. ISO 1989 All rights reserved. No part of this pubication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, eiectronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International OrganizationforStandardization Case postale 56 . CH-1211 Geneve 20 . Switzerland Printed in Switzerland itted without license from IHS Not for Resale ISO 8485 : 1989 (E) CONTENTS 0 Introduction 1 Scope and Field of Application 5 References 3 Form of the Standard 3.1 Form of Definitions 3.2 Named Arrays in Examples 3.3 Notes 10 3.4 Cross-References 10 3.5 General Definitions 11 Compliance 13 ConformingImplementations 13 4.1 4.1.1 Required Behaviour for Conforming Implementations 13 4.1.2 Required Documentation for Conforming Implementations 14 4.1.2.1 'Documentation of Optional-Facilities 14 4.1.2.2 Documentation of Implementation-Defined-Facilities 4455 4.1.2.3 Consistent Extensions 4.2 Conforming Programs 4.2.1 Required Behaviour for Conforming Programs 4.2.2 Required Documentation for Conforming Programs 5 5 Definitions 5.1 Characters 5.2 Numbers 5.2.1ElementaryOperations 19 5.2.2 Number Constants 5.2.3 Subsets of the Set of Numbers 5.2.4 Implementation Algorithms 5.2.5 Defined Operations 5.3Obiects 5.3.2 Arrays 5.3.3 Defined-Functions 5.3.4 Tokens 5.3.4.1 Metaclasses 5.3.4.2 Index-List 5.3.5 Symbois 5.3.6 Contexts 5.3.7 Workspaces 5.3.8 Sessions 5.3.9 Shared-Variables 5.3.10Systems 5.4 Evaluation Sequences 5.4.1 Evaluation Sequence Phrases 5.4.2 Diagrams 5.5 Other Terms I!!! Not for Resale ISO8485 :1989 (E) Syntax and Evaluation 43 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 Evaiuate-Line 6.1.2 Character-Diagrams 6.1.3 Evaluate-Statement 6.1.4 Bind-Token-Class 6.1.5Literal-Conversion 6.1.6 Statement-Analysis Token-Diagrams 6.2 Reduce-Statement 60 63 6.3 The Phrase Evaluators 6.3.1 Diagrams 6.3.2 Remove-Parentheses 6.3.3 Evaluate-Niladic-Function 65 6.3.4 Evaiuate-Monadic-Function 66 6.3.5Evaluate-Monadic-Operator 68 6.3.6Evaluate-Dyadic-Function 69 6.3.7 Evaluate-Dyadic-Operator 71 6.3.8 Evaluate-indexed-Reference 23451 6.3.9 Evaluate-Assignment 6.3.10 Evaluate-lndexed-Assignment 6.3.11 Evaluate-Variable 6.3.12 Build-Index-List 76 6.3.13 Process-End-of-Statement 77 6.4 The Form Table 78 Scalar Functions 83 7 7.1 Monadic Scalar Functions 84 7.1.1 Conjugate BB 84 2 7.1.2 Negative Z 84 7.1.3Signum B 85 7.1.4 Reciprocal Z B 85 7.1.5 F1oor 2 B 86 7.1.6 Ceiling B 86